Авторы

Термоэлектрические системы охлаждения на солнечных элементах

DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2025-24-2-31-39
УДК 621.565.83

Термоэлектрические системы охлаждения на солнечных элементах

Сулин А.Б., Хейн Т. А., Шеин В.М.

Ссылка для цитирования: Сулин А.Б., Хейн Т.А., Шеин В.М. Термоэлектрические системы охлаждения на солнечных элементах. // Вестник Международной академии холода. 2025. № 2. С. 31-39. DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2025-24-2-31-39 [Sulin A.B., Hein T.A., Shein V.M. Thermoelectric solar cooling systems. Journal of International Academy of Refrigeration. 2025. No 2. p. 31-39. DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2025-24-2-31-39]

Аннотация
Системы охлаждения на солнечной энергии делятся на два типа. Системы, потребляющие тепловую энергию солнечного излучения, основаны на принципах сорбции и имеют множество реализаций в зависимости от температурного потенциала теплоносителя, который в свою очередь зависит от типа солнечного коллектора. Наибольший температурный потенциал обеспечивают концентрирующие коллекторы, являющиеся наиболее дорогими. Они позволяют реализовать эффективные двух- и трехступенчатые циклы абсорбционного охлаждения в бромисто-литиевых и водоаммиачных установках. Системы охлаждения на электрической энергии, получаемой от солнечных батарей, используют холодильные машины с электрическим приводом. Это парокомпрессионные системы и системы прямого преобразования энергии: термоэлектрические и на калорических эффектах (электрокалорические, магнитокалорические, пьезокалорические). Особенно следует выделить термоэлектрические системы на эффекте Пельтье, поскольку они потребляют энергию постоянного тока, которая вырабатывается солнечными панелями и не требует преобразования в переменный ток. В статье выполнен обзор научной литературы в области термоэлектрического охлаждения с солнечным приводом. Приведены схемные решения и технические характеристики двух групп данных систем: устройства для охлаждения внешних объектов и устройства для охлаждения собственно солнечных батарей для повышения их производительности.

Ключевые слова: альтернативные источники энергии, солнечные элементы, термоэлектрическое охлаждение, тепловые режимы, энергоэффективность.

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