Cryogenic energy storage system operating on the Heylandt cycle: technical and economic analysis
DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2025-24-4-13-18
UDC 621.592.2:658.5
Blagin E. V., Uglanov D.A., Biteryakova Ekaterina M., Kazandaev Vasily V., Pavlikhin Ivan S.
Keywords: cryogenic energy storage, Heylandt cycle, techno-economic analysis, optimization, expander, cryogenic systems, energy efficiency.
UDC 621.592.2:658.5
Cryogenic energy storage system operating on the Heylandt cycle: technical and economic analysis
For citation: Blagin E.V., Uglanov D.A., Biteryakova E.M., Kazandaev V.V., Pavlikhin I.S. . Cryogenic energy storage system operating on the Heylandt cycle: technical and economic analysis. Journal of International Academy of Refrigeration. 2025. No 4. p. 13-18. DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2025-24-4-13-18 (in Russian)
Abstract
The article presents a detailed techno-economic analysis of a cryogenic energy storage system operating on the Heylandt cycle. Based on a developed mathematical model that includes heat balance equations for heat exchangers, compressor work, and expander performance, an optimal system of parameters was determined. The model accounts for heat transfer coefficients and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Calculations were performed with pressure increments of 1 bar and parameter M increments of 0.05. It was established that with a working fluid diversion fraction of M = 0.7 and pressure of 51 bar, minimal specific energy consumption of 0.1272 kW is achieved at an equipment cost of $5,047.8. A comparative analysis with the Linde cycle revealed key advantages of the Heylandt scheme in the medium pressure range (50-300 bar). Particular attention was paid to studying the influence of parameter M on system efficiency – it was shown that increasing it beyond 0.7 leads to reduced overall efficiency. The economic assessment employed modern cost calculation models for the compressor, heat exchangers, and expander. The results include: 1. – graphs of energy consumption and cost versus pressure; 2. – Pareto front for multi-criteria optimization; 3. – a table of optimal parameters (M = 0.7, P = 51 bar); 4. – comparative characteristics with the Linde cycle. The main conclusion is as follows: the Heylandt cycle demonstrates superior energy efficiency in the medium pressure range (50-100 bar), providing 12-15% lower energy consumption compared to traditional solutions. The obtained results have practical significance for designing industrial cryogenic energy storage systems, particularly in combination with renewable energy sources.
Abstract
The article presents a detailed techno-economic analysis of a cryogenic energy storage system operating on the Heylandt cycle. Based on a developed mathematical model that includes heat balance equations for heat exchangers, compressor work, and expander performance, an optimal system of parameters was determined. The model accounts for heat transfer coefficients and thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. Calculations were performed with pressure increments of 1 bar and parameter M increments of 0.05. It was established that with a working fluid diversion fraction of M = 0.7 and pressure of 51 bar, minimal specific energy consumption of 0.1272 kW is achieved at an equipment cost of $5,047.8. A comparative analysis with the Linde cycle revealed key advantages of the Heylandt scheme in the medium pressure range (50-300 bar). Particular attention was paid to studying the influence of parameter M on system efficiency – it was shown that increasing it beyond 0.7 leads to reduced overall efficiency. The economic assessment employed modern cost calculation models for the compressor, heat exchangers, and expander. The results include: 1. – graphs of energy consumption and cost versus pressure; 2. – Pareto front for multi-criteria optimization; 3. – a table of optimal parameters (M = 0.7, P = 51 bar); 4. – comparative characteristics with the Linde cycle. The main conclusion is as follows: the Heylandt cycle demonstrates superior energy efficiency in the medium pressure range (50-100 bar), providing 12-15% lower energy consumption compared to traditional solutions. The obtained results have practical significance for designing industrial cryogenic energy storage systems, particularly in combination with renewable energy sources.
Keywords: cryogenic energy storage, Heylandt cycle, techno-economic analysis, optimization, expander, cryogenic systems, energy efficiency.
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