Authors

The process of fat extraction from fish processing waste as a raw material for biotechnological synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates

DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2024-23-1-50-59
UDC 664.951.014:639.55:627.8

The process of fat extraction from fish processing waste as a raw material for biotechnological synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates

Mezenova O. Ya., Agafonova S.V., Romanenko Natalya Yu., Kalinina Natalya S., Volkov Vladimir V.

For citation: Mezenova O.Ja., Agafonova S.V., Romanenko N.Yu., Kalinina N.S., Volkov V.V. The process of fat extraction from fish processing waste as a raw material for biotechnological synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Journal of International Academy of Refrigeration. 2024. No 1. p. 50-59. DOI: 10.17586/1606-4313-2024-23-1-50-59

Abstract
The rationality of extracting and using fish oil from secondary fish raw materials for various purposes is shown. Due to the high tendency of fish oil to oxidative and hydrolytic deterioration, it is important to use it for the microbiological synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate plastics. The traditional method of extracting fat from fish raw materials is thermal one.The purpose of the work was to study the influence of temperature and duration of thermal exposure on fish secondary raw materials in an aquatic environment to substantiate its maximum yield with quality indicators favorable for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates. The objects of the study were the most abundant fat-containing waste from fish processing enterprises in the Kaliningrad region. These are: heads of smoked sprat (waste from the production of canned food "Sprats in Oil"), entrails of pike perch (waste from culinary production), heads of Atlantic mackerel (waste from canning production).The following parameters have been analyzed in fat samples obtained by thermal exposure in the temperature range of from 40 ºС to 130 ºС: the dynamics of changes in the degree of hydrolysis of fat (acid number), accumulation of primary oxidation products (peroxide number), concentration of secondary oxidation products (thiobarbituric and anisidine numbers), degree of unsaturation of fat (iodine number), the content of low molecular weight fatty acids (ohm number), purity of triacylglycerides (unsaponifiable substances), and the content of undesirable impurities. The most rational mode for extracting fat from all fish waste is the process of thermal exposure at 90-100 ºС for 40 minutes with a mixture ratio of raw materials and water of 1:1 and a mixing speed of 15 revolutions/min. This mode allows obtaining fat in an amount from 9 to 21% by weight of the raw material with a minimum content of undesirable substances. Fats from fish processing waste obtained according to rational regimes have characteristics favorable for the microbial synthesis of destructible bioplastics – polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Keywords: Fat-containing fish waste, fish oil, acid number, peroxide number, thiobarbitus number, anisidine number, iodine number, number of saphenings, uninfected substances, low -fat impurities, polyhydroxycanoats.

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